UK Government Releases Policy Statement on Points-Based Immigration System

The United Kingdom (UK) formally left the European Union (EU) on 31 January 2020 and entered a transition period that will officially end on 31 December 2020. The UK and EU have agreed that EU nationals who move to the UK before 1 January 2021 will be permitted to remain in the UK. However, they must apply under the EU Settlement Scheme by 30 June 2021 to secure confirmation of their immigration status.

On 19 February 2020, the UK government released a policy statement outlining plans for a new immigration system. If Parliament approves the policy statement’s proposed changes, they will be incorporated into immigration legislation and apply from 1 January 2021. With less than 10 months to go before the proposals take effect, organisations may want to prepare for the changes as costs will likely rise and the sponsorship process may become more onerous for employers.

From 1 January 2021, EU and non-EU citizens will be treated equally as the government moves forward with its stated aim to “take back control of [the UK’s] borders” and introduce a “firm and fair points-based system.” Therefore, EU citizens will become subject to the UK’s points-based immigration system for the first time and will need a visa if they intend to live and work in the UK. Citizens of Ireland will not be subject to the new system, as they enjoy a special status which allows them to freely move and work in the UK.

The proposals announced by the government on 19 February 2020 did not introduce a completely new system, as the UK has had a points-based immigration system since 2008. Rather, the proposals’ biggest change is that EU citizens will now be subject to the UK’s immigration rules.

Below is a summary of the key changes that employers may want to be aware of to help them prepare.

Sponsored Skilled Workers

• All employers will need a sponsor licence if they wish to hire EU and non-EU nationals (not already living in the UK) from 1 January 2021. Employers without a Home Office approved sponsor licence that wish to sponsor skilled migrants are encouraged to secure a licence sooner rather than later.
• The minimum salary threshold will be reduced from £30,000 to £25,600, or the “going rate” of an occupation-specific threshold. The applicant will need to meet whichever threshold is higher in order to qualify.
• The minimum skills threshold will be reduced from Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF) level 6 (bachelor’s degree-level equivalent) to RQF level 3 (A-level equivalent). This may prove more arduous for EU nationals who have not previously had their skills reviewed; however, it will generally allow more applicants to qualify for a wider range of jobs.
• The resident labour market test will be removed; therefore, there will no longer be a requirement to advertise a job to local workers before foreign nationals are recruited.
• There will be a suspension of the cap on the number of skilled visas issued. Currently, the cap is set at around 21,000 visas per year.
• The existing points test will be revised and applicants will need to gain at least 70 points under different characteristics. Each applicant will need to demonstrate that

1. 1. he or she has a job offer from an approved sponsor;
   2. the job is at the required skill level; and
   3. he or she can speak English at the required level.

Some points will now be tradeable if the salary is below the minimum threshold of £25,600 (but not below £20,480), but the job is in a shortage occupation as designated by the Migration Advisory Committee (MAC), or the applicant has a Ph.D. in a subject relevant to the job. The table below illustrates the proposed points system:

Characteristics	Tradeable	Points
Offer of job by approved sponsor	No	20
Job at appropriate skill level	No	20
Speaks English at required level	No	10
Salary of £20,480 (minimum) – £23,039	Yes	0
Salary of £23,040 – £25,599	Yes	10
Salary of £25,600 or above	Yes	20
Job in a shortage occupation (as designated by the MAC)	Yes	20
Education qualification: Ph.D. in subject relevant to the job	Yes	10
Education qualification: Ph.D. in a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subject relevant to the job	Yes	20

 

Implications for Employers That Rely on EU Workers

Some of the proposed changes are welcome, namely, the removal of the resident labour market test and the cap on the number of skilled visas issued. Nevertheless, employers will likely now face increased costs if they want to employ non-settled workers.

Whereas previously employers could hire EU citizens at no cost at all, under the new system, employers will need to pay the Immigration Skills Charge when sponsoring work visas for EU citizens. Also, companies that typically cover workers’ visa application fees may face another cost increase. This cost increase potentially represents a huge burden for employers, not only financially, but also in terms of additional administration. The government’s policy statement makes clear that the plan is to “shift the focus of [the UK] economy away from a reliance on cheap labour from Europe and instead concentrate on investment in technology and automation.” “Employers will need to adjust,” the policy statement cautions.

The new immigration system is focused on skilled migrants and there is no proposal to introduce an immigration route for lower-skilled workers. The government has suggested that employers should utilize the EU nationals who have applied under the EU Settlement Scheme, estimated to be around 3.2 million , and also the Tier 5 Youth Mobility Scheme and dependants of skilled workers who have the right to work in the UK.

Highly Skilled Workers

The government has also proposed a capped, unsponsored points-based route for highly skilled workers, in addition to the Global Talent route (which allows highly skilled scientists and researchers to come to the UK without job offers), which was launched in February 2019 and will be extended to EU citizens in January 2021. There is not much detail about this in the policy statement and it will take some time to develop.

The new immigration plans are scheduled to launch in autumn 2020 so that migrants can begin to apply ahead of the system’s taking effect in January 2021.

Ruhul K. Ayazi is of counsel in the London office of Ogletree Deakins.

Carrie-Ann Hopkins is a paralegal in the London office of Ogletree Deakins.